Exploring the Effects and Interpretations of Upright and Reversed ThurisazExploring the Effects and Interpretations of Upright and Reversed Thurisaz

When it comes to runes, Thurisaz is a powerful and intriguing one. The third rune of the first aett (or set) of the Elder Futhark, Thurisaz holds significant meaning and energy in divination and spellwork. Today, we will explore the different interpretations and energies associated with the upright and reversed positions of Thurisaz.

Thurisaz, also known as Thorn or Thor’s rune, represents the masculine and dynamic energy of Thor, the Norse god of thunder and protection. It symbolizes protection, defense, strength, and action. Upright Thurisaz suggests that the energy and power of Thor are with you and that you should take bold and decisive actions to overcome any challenges or obstacles in your path. It indicates the need to be assertive and confident in your abilities, allowing you to bring about positive changes and achieve your goals. Therefore, if you draw the upright Thurisaz, it is a sign that you should embrace the powerful and forceful energy that surrounds you.

On the other hand, the reversed position of Thurisaz carries a different energy. It warns against being too forceful or aggressive in your actions. It suggests that you may be facing chaotic or challenging situations that require a more careful and patient approach. Reversed Thurisaz urges you to step back and evaluate the situation before taking any action. It advises you to consider the consequences and potential harm that your actions may cause to yourself or others. This reversed position serves as a reminder to be mindful of your words and actions, as they can have lasting effects on the outcomes.

In a psychological context, the upright Thurisaz represents your assertiveness and ability to handle conflicts and challenges effectively. It indicates that you have the inner strength and resilience to overcome any obstacles. However, the reversed Thurisaz suggests that there may be unresolved anger or aggression within you that needs addressing. It encourages you to reflect on your emotional state and find healthy outlets for any negative feelings. This reflection will help you maintain a balanced and harmonious state of being throughout your life.

In conclusion, the upright and reversed positions of Thurisaz offer different energies and meanings. The upright position shows a powerful and forceful energy that can be used to achieve your goals and protect yourself. The reversed position reminds you to be cautious and considerate of the consequences of your actions. No matter which position you draw, Thurisaz is a rune rich in symbolism and spirituality, offering guidance and insight into various aspects of your life.

The Symbolism and Power Behind Thurisaz

Thurisaz, also known as the Elder Futhark rune, holds great symbolism and power within its unique shape and energy. This rune takes the form of an upright or reversed thorn, representing the thorns that protect the rose of life. It is associated with the Norse god Thor and is often referred to as the rune of Thor’s hammer.

Thurisaz carries a variety of meanings and energies, depending on its orientation. When upright, it represents protection, defense, and warding off negative energies. It serves as a symbol of strength, power, and resilience against any obstacles or challenges that may come your way. Thurisaz can also signify the need for introspection and personal development, urging you to look within and address any inner conflicts or issues.

On the other hand, when reversed, Thurisaz can indicate a warning or potential danger. It may suggest the presence of destructive forces or a need for caution in your actions or decisions. Reversed Thurisaz can also symbolize an inability to adequately protect yourself or others, leaving you vulnerable to external harm or influence.

Thurisaz holds significance in spirituality and wellbeing as well. The rune is associated with inner growth and enlightenment, encouraging you to seek knowledge and expand your spiritual journey. It can serve as a catalyst for personal transformation and development, helping you unleash your true potential.

Furthermore, Thurisaz has many practical uses in readings and spellwork. It can be used for protection spells, safeguarding your energy and warding off negativity. Thurisaz can also play a role in healing rituals, representing the power to overcome obstacles and restore balance and health. Additionally, it can be utilized in financial spells, attracting abundance and prosperity into your life.

Thurisaz’s energy is neither purely light nor entirely dark. It can be seen as the intersection between the two, encompassing both the constructive and destructive aspects of life. This balance makes Thurisaz a powerful rune for addressing both positive and negative aspects of existence.

In Norse mythology, Thurisaz is often associated with the giants known as Thurs. These beings were often depicted as chaotic and destructive, emphasizing the potential damage that can be caused. However, Thurisaz also represents the power to overcome and harness this destructive energy for positive purposes.

To fully tap into the power of Thurisaz, it is essential to reflect on its meaning and significance. Ask yourself important questions such as what role this rune plays in your life and how you can incorporate its energy into your personal and spiritual development. Consider where the thorns of Thurisaz may be present in your relationships, finances, or wellbeing, and what steps can be done to address them.

Upright Thurisaz: Unleashing Strength and Protection

When it comes to the runic system, Thurisaz stands out as a symbol of strength and protection. In its upright position, Thurisaz signifies the development of inner power and the ability to overcome challenges. This runic energy is often associated with the giant figure in Norse mythology, representing a powerful force that can ward off any threat.

The symbolism of Thurisaz can be interpreted in various ways, depending on the context. In its most basic form, it indicates the need for strength and courage to face and overcome obstacles. If you’ve been going through a difficult time or experiencing changes in your life, Thurisaz reminds you that you have the strength within to push through and emerge stronger.

For those interested in magickal or ritual uses of Thurisaz, the upright position of this rune can be seen as an invitation to unleash its protective energy. Whether you’re performing a money spell or seeking protection ahead of an important endeavor, working with Thurisaz can provide a sense of security and help you navigate through uncertain times.

In divinatory readings, Thurisaz often suggests the need for introspection and a careful examination of your thoughts and emotions. It invites you to look within and address any hidden fears or anxieties that may be holding you back. Sometimes, the energy of Thurisaz requires patience and a slow, deliberate approach to achieve desired results.

Thurisaz also has deep historical and cultural associations, particularly in Icelandic spirituality. The rune’s original name and meaning relate to thorns, adding another layer of symbolism to its protective energy. The thorns can represent barriers that need to be overcome or a shield that can ward off negative influences.

If you’ve chosen to work with the runic system, Thurisaz in its upright position serves as a reminder that you possess the strength and power to overcome any challenges that come your way. It encourages you to tap into your inner resources and unleash them to achieve your goals.

Key Meanings and Associations of Upright Thurisaz:

  • Strength and protection
  • Inner power and the ability to overcome challenges
  • Unleashing personal power
  • Navigating through uncertain times
  • Addressing hidden fears and anxieties
  • Deep introspection and examination of thoughts
  • Patience and a slow, deliberate approach
  • Historical and cultural associations with Icelandic spirituality

Reversed Thurisaz: A Warning Sign and Potential Disaster

In the world of runes, Thurisaz is a powerful symbol representing the forces of destruction and chaos. When drawn in the reversed position, it acts as a warning sign, indicating potential disaster lying ahead. Reversed Thurisaz carries a deeply negative energy, requiring careful introspection and protection.

Reversed Thurisaz is a call to be cautious and observant of the hidden questions and challenges that may arise in your life. It may indicate an inability to connect with others or a spell of bad luck. It serves as a reminder to pause and reflect on the actions and decisions being made. This rune warns against being reckless and impulsive, urging one to consider the potential consequences both for oneself and others.

In Norse mythology, Thurisaz is associated with the frost giants, beings that represent chaos and destruction. The reversed Thurisaz rune suggests that these forces may be playing a role in your life, causing disruptions and potential harm. It is a reminder to be mindful of the impact your actions may have on yourself and those around you.

Reversed Thurisaz holds a mystic and powerful energy. It calls for increased personal protection and the use of runic spells or chants to ward off negative forces. It is a symbol of caution, urging one to be careful and considerate in their actions and decisions.

In elder poems, Thurisaz is depicted as a magical rune that can cause damage if not used carefully. It represents the importance of having a deep understanding of its meanings and associations before engaging in any runic work. Reversed Thurisaz serves as a reminder to be cautious and seek guidance if needed.

The energy of reversed Thurisaz can be seen as a test of one’s spiritual development. It challenges the individual to overcome obstacles and learn from their mistakes. It emphasizes the need for introspection and self-reflection in order to strengthen one’s inner being.

Reversed Thurisaz can also symbolize family issues or conflicts, suggesting the need for open communication and understanding. It is a reminder to address any lingering problems or tensions within the family dynamic.

In summary, reversed Thurisaz is a powerful rune that carries a warning sign and potential disaster. It requires careful introspection and personal protection. Its energy holds the potential for negative outcomes, urging one to be cautious and considerate in their actions and decisions. By being aware of its meanings and associations, one can navigate the challenges and obstacles it presents and strive towards a more positive and harmonious outcome.

The Energetic Connection to the Norse God Thor

In Norse mythology, the rune Thurisaz has a strong energetic connection to the Norse god Thor. Thor is known as the god of thunder, lightning, and storms. He is often depicted wielding his mighty hammer, Mjölnir, and is considered a protector of Midgard, the realm of humans.

Thor’s association with Thurisaz can be seen in several ways. Firstly, Thor is known for his physical strength and power, just like the energy of Thurisaz. Both Thor and Thurisaz embody a sense of determination and force, always ready to take action. They are not afraid to use their power to protect what is important to them.

Furthermore, Thurisaz symbolizes strength not only in a physical sense but also in a spiritual and emotional sense. Just as Thor uses his strength to overcome obstacles and enemies, Thurisaz empowers you to face challenges and overcome any adversity that comes your way. It encourages you to tap into your inner power and trust in your abilities to achieve your goals.

This connection to Thor also reflects Thurisaz’s association with family and protective instincts. Thor’s primary duty is to protect his family and the realm of humans from threats. Similarly, Thurisaz reminds you of the importance of protecting and nurturing your loved ones, creating a safe and harmonious environment for your family. It encourages you to be loving, loyal, and supportive towards those who rely on you.

Thor also draws on the magical and transformative power of thunderstorms, which can be seen in the symbolic meaning of Thurisaz. Just as thunderstorms have the ability to cleanse and renew the land, Thurisaz allows you to let go of old patterns and beliefs that no longer serve you. It encourages introspection and self-reflection, helping you uncover hidden truths about yourself and the world around you.

Additionally, the Norse god Thor is often associated with the protection of wealth and prosperity. Thor’s role as a provider and protector can be seen in the meaning of Thurisaz as well. It reminds you to be mindful of your financial well-being and to take steps to secure your financial future. Thurisaz empowers you to make smart financial decisions and to work towards a stable and abundant future.

In conclusion, the energetic connection between Thurisaz and the Norse god Thor is powerful and significant. Thor embodies the strength, power, and protective nature that Thurisaz represents. Whether you’re curious about Norse mythology or finding ways to strengthen your inner power, tapping into the energy of Thurisaz and the spirit of Thor can be a transformative experience.

Upright Thurisaz: Embracing Courage and Assertiveness

When it comes to the runic symbolism of Thurisaz, it is important to understand that its upright position holds unique meanings and energies. In Norse mythology, Thurisaz represents the hammer of Thor, the powerful god associated with thunder and protection. This rune has a deep connection with the elemental forces of nature, and it embodies strength, courage, and assertiveness.

When you draw Thurisaz in an upright position, it suggests that you should embrace the qualities of courage and assertiveness in your life. It is a call to stand up for yourself, take action, and face your fears head-on. Thurisaz reminds you that you have the power within you to overcome any obstacles that come your way.

In terms of family and relationships, Thurisaz in an upright position indicates the need for open and assertive communication. It encourages you to express your needs and boundaries clearly, ensuring that they are respected. If there are issues or conflicts within your family or relationships, Thurisaz prompts you to address them directly and assertively, finding constructive solutions.

From a spiritual perspective, Thurisaz in an upright position signifies a need for inner strength and resilience. It encourages you to tap into your own spiritual power and follow your own path. Embracing the energy of Thurisaz can help you connect with your higher self and align with your deeper purpose.

If you find yourself feeling stuck or lacking motivation, Thurisaz in an upright position can serve as a powerful motivator. It reminds you to take initiative and actively pursue your goals and dreams. This rune empowers you to step out of your comfort zone and take calculated risks in order to achieve personal growth and success.

When working with Thurisaz in an upright position, consider chanting or meditating on its corresponding sound “TH” to strengthen the energetic connection. You can also incorporate Thurisaz into your spiritual rituals or rune readings to tap into its powerful energy.

It is worth noting that Thurisaz has a close relationship with the giants and dwarves of Norse mythology. Giants symbolize the primal and chaotic forces of nature, while dwarves represent craftsmanship and practicality. Therefore, the energy of Thurisaz can also help you tap into your own hidden potential and unleash your creative abilities.

In conclusion, drawing Thurisaz in an upright position signifies the need to embrace courage and assertiveness in your life. It encourages you to face challenges head-on, express your needs and boundaries, and actively pursue your goals. By embodying the energy of Thurisaz, you can tap into your inner power and unlock your true potential.

Reversed Thurisaz: Channeling Anger and Destructive Forces

Reversed Thurisaz is a powerful and deeply symbolic rune that holds significant meaning in the realm of spirituality and divination. Also known as “Þurisaz”, this rune represents the elder giant Thor, the god of thunder and protector in Norse mythology. When this rune appears in a reversed position, its energy and symbolism take on a different aspect.

The reversed Thurisaz rune represents a chaotic and disruptive energy, often associated with anger and destructive forces. It serves as a warning or a reminder to be cautious about our actions and emotions. While upright Thurisaz typically represents protection and warding off negative influences, its reversed form indicates a need for special care and attention in dealing with situations where anger and aggression may be present.

If you’re working with the reversed Thurisaz rune, it can be a powerful method for connecting with your inner self and understanding the hidden aspects of your emotions. By using this rune in divination or ritual practice, you can explore the deeper layers of your anger and learn to channel its energy in a more productive and constructive way.

Reversed Thurisaz can also have psychological implications. It may represent a time of learning and growth where you need to address and confront your own destructive behaviors or patterns. It serves as a reminder to look deeply within yourself and understand the root causes of your anger and aggression.

In modern spirituality, the reversed Thurisaz rune is often associated with the need for self-reflection and the importance of managing our emotions. It encourages us to find healthy outlets for our anger and embrace a more balanced and peaceful state of being.

When doing readings or working with the reversed Thurisaz rune, it’s crucial to remember that it doesn’t solely represent negative or destructive forces. Instead, it serves as a representative of a part of our inner selves that needs attention and healing. By acknowledging and accepting this part, we can engage in a process of self-discovery and growth.

Whatever the name or specific meaning that you connect with, reversed Thurisaz signifies a need to embrace and understand the power and potential of our emotions, including anger. By working with this rune, we can learn to channel our anger in a way that promotes personal growth, wellbeing, and a greater sense of inner peace and harmony.

Discovering the Inner Warrior Within with Upright Thurisaz

Upright Thurisaz, also known as thurs, is a powerful rune that carries different meanings and energies. It is often represented by the image of a thorn or a thorny branch, symbolizing the situations in life that can be challenging and require inner strength to overcome.

When Thurisaz appears upright in a reading, it signifies a time when you need to tap into your inner warrior. It suggests that you have chosen to face your challenges head-on, with the intentions of personal growth and self-empowerment.

The energy of upright Thurisaz takes on the role of a guiding light, showing you how to navigate through difficult situations with strength and courage. It reminds you to stay true to yourself and not let external influences or negative energies damage your inner being.

Upright Thurisaz is often associated with Norse mythology, where it is thought to represent the chaotic and powerful beings known as the dwarves. In modern times, it is believed that Thurisaz can help bring clarity and wisdom to chaotic thoughts and emotions.

One of the ways Thurisaz can be used is through rituals or rune casting. If you’re curious about the symbolism and meanings of the runes, Thurisaz is a great rune to study and work with.

Using Upright Thurisaz in your career or personal life requires you to be proactive and take control of your own destiny. It encourages you to be assertive and confident in your abilities, knowing that you have the power within you to overcome any obstacles that come your way.

When Thurisaz appears upright, it is a message to trust your instincts and follow your passions. It reminds you that you have the strength and resilience to handle whatever comes your way.

So, if you’re feeling stuck or unsure about your path in life, Upright Thurisaz may be a sign that it’s time to tap into your inner warrior and discover the power and wisdom that comes from within.

Questions to ask yourself when Upright Thurisaz appears:
– What situations in my life require me to tap into my inner strength?
– How can I use the energy of Thurisaz to navigate through challenges?
– What intentions do I need to set to embrace my inner warrior?

Exploring the symbolism and meanings of Upright Thurisaz can provide valuable insights and guidance in your spiritual journey. Whether you’re new to working with runes or have already experienced their power, Thurisaz invites you to embrace the inner warrior within and embark on a path of personal growth and self-discovery.

Avoiding Conflict and Turmoil: Understanding Reversed Thurisaz

In the realm of magical runes, Thurisaz holds a special place as it represents the power of the thurs or giant beings in Norse mythology. While the upright Thurisaz rune is generally associated with physical strength, protection, and self-defense, its reversed form carries a different energy. In this article, we will explore the meanings and energies of reversed Thurisaz to better understand how to avoid conflict and turmoil.

When the Thurisaz rune is drawn in reverse, there is a shift in its general interpretation. Instead of focusing on physical strength and defense, reversed Thurisaz urges introspection and self-reflection. It signifies a desire to avoid confrontations and seek inner peace.

Unlike its upright counterpart, reversed Thurisaz does not represent a defensive ward or a method of protecting oneself from physical harm. Instead, it encourages you to look within and address any unresolved conflicts or emotional wounds that may be causing turmoil in your life.

Reversed Thurisaz holds wisdom in its thorns, reminding us that conflicts and disagreements are not always resolved by force. Patience and understanding are often the keys to finding peaceful resolutions. Instead of engaging in arguments or confrontations, it is important to take a step back and assess the situation with a calm and open mind.

If you find yourself drawn to reversed Thurisaz, it may indicate a need to disconnect from external conflicts and focus on inner healing. This rune encourages you to explore your own history and connect with your emotions, allowing you to better understand your desires and needs.

During times of conflict, reversed Thurisaz advises caution and encourages you to ask yourself important questions about the role you play in the situation. It serves as a reminder that your actions and words have consequences, and by choosing love and understanding over aggression, you can create a more harmonious environment.

In divinatory readings, reversed Thurisaz can be used as a method of gaining insight into the current energy surrounding a situation. It calls for careful introspection and encourages you to seek guidance from within.

Reversed Thurisaz can also be used in rituals or spiritual practices to ward off negative energies and promote a loving and peaceful environment. It is important to heed any instructions or guidance received while working with this rune, as it holds a special energy that requires your attention and respect.

So, if you’re curious about the magical world of runes and are drawn to the wisdom and history they represent, take some time to learn about reversed Thurisaz. It offers a unique perspective on conflict and turmoil, reminding us that love and patience can be powerful tools in resolving conflicts and creating a more harmonious world.

The Impact of Thurisaz in Love and Relationships

Thurisaz, the third rune in the Futhark, holds a rich and complex meaning in Norse mythology. It is also known by different names, such as “Thor’s Hammer” or “The Gateway.” When it appears in a rune reading, it’s important for rune enthusiasts to heed its spiritual forces and be careful in interpreting its meaning.

Love and Desire

Thurisaz carries a powerful energy when it comes to love and relationships. In its upright position, it represents passion, desire, and the inner forces that drive a relationship forward. It symbolizes the need for action and taking charge of your romantic life. If you’re looking for love, Thurisaz encourages you to be proactive in your search and not wait for things to come to you.

However, when Thurisaz appears reversed, it indicates a lack of progress or an inability to move forward in your love life. It can signify that you’re stuck in a stagnant relationship or that you’re unable to fully express your desires and needs. In this case, it’s important to reflect on what exactly is holding you back and take steps towards resolving any issues.

Relationship Challenges

Thurisaz can also bring attention to challenges within a relationship. In an upright position, it suggests that there may be conflicts or power struggles between partners. This requires open communication and a willingness to address and resolve any issues that arise.

On the other hand, if Thurisaz appears reversed, it may indicate a lack of balance or harmony in the relationship. It could be a sign that one partner is exerting too much control or dominance, leading to a discordant partnership. It’s important to evaluate the dynamics of the relationship and work towards finding a healthier balance.

Financial Impact

Thurisaz has a direct impact on finances as well. In an upright position, it signifies financial growth and abundance. It suggests that taking action and being assertive can lead to positive outcomes in your career or financial endeavors.

However, when Thurisaz appears reversed, it may caution against impulsive financial decisions or reckless spending. It may be a sign to step back and reassess your financial situation before making any major investments or changes.

The Role of Rituals

In the world of runes, rituals and galdr (chanting) play a significant role in activating the power of Thurisaz. By using specific rituals or chants, you can enhance the influence of Thurisaz’s energies in your life. This could be particularly useful when seeking guidance in love and relationships or when working towards financial stability.

Careful attention must be paid to the specific rituals and galdr associated with Thurisaz, as different rune sets may have varying practices. It’s important to follow authentic Norse or Icelandic traditions and seek guidance from experienced practitioners when incorporating Thurisaz into your spiritual development.

The Outcome

Ultimately, the impact of Thurisaz in love and relationships, as well as in finances and life in general, can vary depending on the individual’s circumstances and the other runes present in a reading. It’s important to remember that Thurisaz is just one piece of the puzzle and should be interpreted in conjunction with other runes.

Thurisaz offers a unique perspective on love and relationships, urging individuals to take charge of their romantic lives and address any challenges that arise. Its presence in a reading should be seen as an opportunity for growth and self-reflection, guiding individuals towards a more fulfilling and harmonious love life.

Thanks to its rich mythology and powerful symbolism, Thurisaz continues to captivate the minds and hearts of many rune enthusiasts. As you delve deeper into the world of runes, be curious and open-minded, and remember to respect the ancient wisdom and spiritual significance held within each rune.

Upright Thurisaz: Passionate and Driven Love Connections

When the Thurisaz rune appears upright, it carries a powerful energy that is open to passionate and driven love connections. Thurisaz means “thorn” in Old Norse, and it represents the protective and defensive energies that can arise in relationships.

At times, love and relationships can be challenging, requiring the strength and determination to overcome obstacles. Upright Thurisaz signifies that you have the ability to connect deeply with someone and give your all to make the relationship work. This rune symbolizes the desire to fight for love and give it your all, no matter what challenges arise.

Upright Thurisaz is also associated with Wednesday, thanks to its connection to the Norse god Thor. In Norse mythology, Thor was known for his strength and protective nature, making him a powerful symbol of love and relationships.

The Symbolism of Upright Thurisaz

Upright Thurisaz represents a protective thorn that can shield your love and relationships from harm. It symbolizes the need to be proactive in safeguarding your connection and being willing to take action when necessary. It signifies your instinctual desire to protect and nurture your love life.

When drawn in a reading, upright Thurisaz can indicate changes and challenges that may arise in your love life. However, it also serves as a reminder that you have the strength and determination to overcome them. It encourages you to tap into your inner power and face any obstacles head-on.

How to Work with Upright Thurisaz

To harness the energy of upright Thurisaz, you can incorporate it into your rituals and daily life:

1. Use Thurisaz as a protective symbol by wearing it as jewelry or placing it in your home.
2. Carve the Thurisaz rune into a candle and light it during rituals or meditation sessions focused on love and relationships.
3. Write down your thoughts and feelings about your love life and desires, using the Thurisaz symbol as a focal point.
4. Chant the Thurisaz mantra to strengthen your determination and passion in love: “Thu-ri-saz.”
5. Seek guidance from knowledgeable practitioners or rune readers who can provide additional information and insights.

Working with upright Thurisaz can help you navigate the challenges that come your way and strengthen your love connections. Its symbolism and energy can guide you towards a deeper understanding of your desires and choices in relationships.

FAQ

What does the Thurisaz rune symbolize in its upright position?

In its upright position, the Thurisaz rune symbolizes protection, defense, and the ability to overcome obstacles. It signifies the energy of a thorn, representing the ability to pierce through challenges and protect oneself.

What does the reversed Thurisaz rune signify?

When reversed, the Thurisaz rune signifies being defenseless, feeling vulnerable, and being unable to face obstacles effectively. It represents a lack of protection and weakness in dealing with challenges.

What are some other names for the Thurisaz rune?

The Thurisaz rune is also known as Thorn, Giants, Giant Thorn, Giant’s Cross, Thorn of Thurs, and Thunder.

What are the different meanings associated with the Thurisaz rune?

The Thurisaz rune is associated with meanings such as chaos, destruction, rebellion, transformation, initiation, aggression, and the primal forces of nature. It represents both the destructive potential and the life-giving power of chaos.

How can the Thurisaz rune be interpreted in a spiritual context?

In a spiritual context, the Thurisaz rune can be interpreted as a symbol of awakening, inner strength, and the need for personal growth. It encourages the individual to face their fears, overcome obstacles, and embrace the transformative power of chaos to achieve spiritual evolution.

What is the meaning of the Thurisaz rune?

The Thurisaz rune is associated with various meanings, including thorn, giant, or thurse. It represents a protective force, as well as challenges and obstacles that one must overcome.

What energies does the upright Thurisaz rune possess?

The upright Thurisaz rune embodies the energy of defense, protection, and the ability to break through barriers. It signifies the power to overcome obstacles and navigate challenges successfully.